Shore fly
decaying organic matter on planting substrate. Growers consider shore flies to be mostly a nuisance pest, but the insects can act as vectors for disease organisms [...] the species Scatella stagnalis occurs widely. These small black flies can be found naturally at marshy, muddy lake shores and intertidal zones, and they [...] bacteria and other unicellular organisms, they do not cause any direct damage to plant production. However, they are considered a nuisance pest because the